Think! Proposal For PH DA To Spend P1.7 Billion For A Knowledge Bank

 

I just learned that our Department of Agriculture (DA) has P9.8 Billion of unspent funds – that reflects the Ilocano in Secretary of Agriculture William Dar. Another Ilocano, I’m thinking of helping spend fast P1.7 Billion going digital, creating this last quarter of the year a Knowledge Bank for 5 million Filipino farmers.
(“Knowledge Bank” image[1] from Knowledge Bank, Facebook)

The Commission on Audit (COA) has come out with a negative spending report on the DA. Ralf Rivas says, “COA Questions DA For P9.8-Billion Unspent Funds, Wrong Farmers’ Lists[2]” (19 August 2021, Rappler). Wrong lists? Today, as Editor In Chief of 46 years and Internet-ready for 30 years, I am more interested into what the DA could use the funds for:

P1.7 Billion as Intelligence Fund in Agriculture.

This particular Intelligence Fund is for creating a universal, limitless Knowledge Bank that is actually the brains of SMART JUAN: Stored Matter Adapted To Rural Terrain Translated For Johns Utilizing Agricultural Notes, Notions, Novelties In Science. (See my first essay about it, “Smart Juan” – The Digital Renaissance Of “Juan Tamad” Into An All-Knowing Farmer[3],” 15 August 2021, TIT for TAT. Why not check out 2 other enlightening essays on the same subject.)

With that P1.7 Billion budget, all 109 state colleges & universities[4] (SCUs) scattered all over these islands can be active in gathering lessons learned in science, recording in digital forms successful as well as failed experiences in the raising of crops and animals. The top 10 SCUs will be assigned P100 million each, the rest to share the remaining P700,000,000. The headquarters will be at the campus of the #1 of the SCUs: UP Los Baños. Hundreds, nay thousands of staff each armed with a laptop will be hired by the SCUs for knowledge works.

Let us cultivate the PH farmer intelligently.

The P1.7 Billion will be spent on gathering and processing data and information into an Internet-based, farmer-understandable and decider-friendly knowledge base.

To explain a little, let me briefly discuss the insufficiencies of 2 existing examples of knowledge products, 1 each from IRRI and PhilRice.

IRRI’s “Nutrient Manager for Rice (NMRice)” –
This is limited to rice and supplying nutrients. And IRRI is assuming there is only 1 rice variety! Also, I know there are other options than applying fertilizer on any crop.

PhilRice’s “Usapang Barayti: NSIC Rc 480” (“Talking Variety”) –
Without positioning the variety, PhilRice is recommending this one at once!

We must be cultivating the Filipino farmer as a SMART JUAN.

For instance, with so many rice varieties to choose from, Juan is bewildered and so you must awaken the smart in him.

SMART JUAN is a Knowledge Bank you can draw from much information, instructions, inspirations, insights, alternatives, applications, opportunities, options – you decide for yourself.

Unlike SMART JUAN, IRRI’s “Nutrient Manager for Rice” and PhilRice’s “Usapang Barayti” instruct the farmer exactly what to do and does not discuss the whys and wherefores. They are thinking for Juan.

Let us teach Filipino farmers to think for themselves!@517

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[1]https://www.facebook.com/Knowledge-Bank-112879070400418/photos/

[2]https://www.rappler.com/business/department-agriculture-unspent-funds-wrong-farmers-list-coa-report-2020

[3]https://titfortatteachingindependentthinking.blogspot.com/2021/08/smart-juan-digital-renaissance-of-juan.html

[4]https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-philippine-star/20111218/284532995001733

“English, The Great Language Of Democracy” – Who Said That? Manuel Luis Quezon!

 

“English, the great language of democracy, will bind us forever to the people of the United States and place within our reach the wealth of knowledge treasured in this language.”

I am celebrating PH President Manuel Luis Quezon’s (MLQ’s) birthday Thursday, 19 August, with him saying that[1] 30 December 1937, Rizal Day. In the same breath, MLQ said:

The fact that we are going to have our national language does not mean that we are to abandon in our schools the study or the use of the Spanish language, much less English…. English, the great language of democracy, will bind us forever to the people of the United States and place within our reach the wealth of knowledge treasured in this language.

Even Quezon, your favorite nationalist, acknowledged the power of the English language in the matter of knowledge!

Me, a full-blooded Ilocano, informally adopted (American) English as my primary intellectual language sometime in the mid-50s when I was 1^st year high school in my hometown Asingan, Pangasinan, exulting mentally with the well-stocked library of the HS Dept of private Rizal Junior College (RJC) full of American and British classic books of fiction and history, and the American magazines LOOK, Newsweek, Reader's Digest (my favorite), and TIME. RJC’s was a poor boy’s library of the world full of truth & fiction.

The latest related news is: “Philippine High School Students Win Historic 1st Gold In World Debate Championships[2]” (17 August 2021, Margo Hannah De Guzman Quadra, Good News Pilipinas). The victory was achieved in the 2021 “World Schools Debate Championships” virtually held in Macau from 26 July to 06 August 2021. Via China, young Filipinos were/are teaching us old Filipinos!

The champion Philippine team members were Robert Nelson Leung (Philippine Science High School, Cordillera Administrative Region Campus – Gold Medal); David Bloom, International School of Manila; Jake Peralta, Southridge High School; Riva Fong, De La Salle Zobel; and Chanel Ang, Immaculate Conception Academy.

If we want to continue to excel in our country and abroad, we must make English the National Language of Filipinos!

Sorry, MLQ. But I thank you that your Executive Order 134 “Proclaiming The National Language Of The Philippines Based On The ‘Tagalog’ Language” also states:

Such an adoption of the Philippine National Language shall not be understood as in any way affecting the requirement that the instruction in the public schools shall be primarily conducted in the English language.

In the lower image above, MLQ is quoted as saying:

I would rather have a country run like hell by Filipinos than a country run like heaven by the Americans, because however a bad Filipino government might be, we can always change it.

Now then, we have a bad national language, I now move that we change it!

English is the language of modern (and ancient) knowledge – those nationalist Filipinos who insist that we talk to each other in a Tagalog-based language are trying their best to keep Filipinos' knowledge of the world in the 1940s, left out in time!@517

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[1]https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1937/12/30/speech-of-president-quezon-on-filipino-national-language-december-30-1937/

[2]https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/philippine-high-school-students-win-historic-1st-gold-in-world-debate-championships/?fbclid=IwAR2Lt1BFj6pEczrN1FvOcP64CJwlsfjo-mddrE8hZZkQV8tKnViz48sRb-8

Internet of Thoughts Agriculture (IoTA), With Science, Coops & Loans Driving Farm Management

 

I’m talking about Digitally Abled Agriculturevia Google searches for advices, choices, concerns, experiences, instructions, options, philosophies, procedures, and theories in farming. Farmers incessantly learning from an inexhaustible online library of knowledge.

SMART JUAN. Yes, it operates with The Internet-Ready 5 Ws of Agriculture: Who, What, Where, When & Why.
(upper image[1] from PNA.gov.ph;
lower image[2] from ATI.da.gov.ph)

This is a follow-up to my SMART JUAN proposal for digitally informed agriculture contained in 2 essays, both published in this blog, TIT for TAT: (1) “‘Smart Juan’ – The Digital Renaissance Of ‘Juan Tamad’ Into An All-Knowing Farmer[3],” 15-08-2021; and (2) “What Agriculture Can Do To Help Control Climate Change[4],” 16-08-2021.

A Knowledge Basefor PH Agriculture, SMART JUAN means: “Stored Matter Adapted To Rural Terrain Translated For Johns Utilizing Agricultural Notes, Notions, Novelties In Science.” (“Johns” is English plural of Filipino moniker “Juan,” from “Juan De La Cruz.”)

Yes, I am recommending that the Department of Agriculture (DA) under Secretary of Agriculture William Dar generate a DA Program called “SMART JUAN” as a digital library of agriculture as described here. The Internet of Thoughts Agriculture (IoTA).

The name is original, the thought not. In 2003, Director General William Dar of the India-based International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) submitted a concept he called “Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture (OpAPA),” proposing that Philippine agriculture offices generate an online library. As a PhilRice consultant, recruited by PhilRice Executive Director Leo Sebastian, in reaction I internalized & externalized & submitted a digital book I called The Geography Of Knowledge (TGoK), 198 pages, dated 2003 – I still have a complete pdf copy of it. Its latest incarnation is what I now call SMART JUAN.

I’m thinking of a special DA Internet program involving PH's Top Ten state colleges & universities (SCUs) in the Philippines, with UP Los Baños as the program’s headquarters – emphasis on the “head,” as UPLB is #1 when it comes to SCUs science in the Philippines.

Additionally, the UPLB campus is physically & intellectually enriched with several Philippine institutions: Ecosystems Research & Development Bureau (ERDB); Forest Products Research & Industries Development Commission (FORPRIDECOM); National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH); and Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic & Natural Resources Research & Development (PCAARRD). Plus: international institutions: Asean Centre for Biodiversity (ACB), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study & Research in Agriculture (SEARCA).

I superimposed the logo of Nagkaisa Multipurpose Cooperative in my hometown of Asingan, Pangasinan, to indicate knowledge as I had been for a few years a member of the Nagkaisa board, and to drive the point home that coops should be the main conduit for the Internet of Helps & Financing (IoHF). The IoHF will help the farmers with loans and farm management. The Agricultural Credit & Policy Council (ACPC) should be much involved in this, via coopbanks: Farm management supervision must be required for loans.

Uniquely then, the whole program IoTA will handhold the Filipino farmers.@517

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[1]https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1078457

[2]https://ati.da.gov.ph/ati-3/content/digital-farmers-program

[3]https://titfortatteachingindependentthinking.blogspot.com/2021/08/smart-juan-digital-renaissance-of-juan.html

[4]https://titfortatteachingindependentthinking.blogspot.com/2021/08/what-agriculture-can-do-to-help-control.html

“Smart Juan” – The Digital Renaissance Of “Juan Tamad” Into An All-Knowing Farmer

From the name identifier of a Filipino, from “Juan De La Cruz” has come a derogatory nickname: “Juan Tamad” (Lazy Juan, Lazy One). Today, I am reinventing the national ID into “Smart Juan” using the cellphone in his farming!

All sciences and all experiences in agriculture should be in the mind. Or, which is the equivalent, accessible via and readable in the ordinary cellphone.
(image of “Wisdom[1]” from Pixabay.com;
image of cellphone-field[2] from Jack Matthew)

Today, what do we need to grow in our forests & farms? Wisdom! Now is the time for all good books to come to the aid of our country! 

To read more books would result in Wisdom? In Bewilderment if you’re not careful.

I was reading Jowelle Ann Cruz’ news report, “Aboitiz Group, DA Partner To Digitalize PH Agriculture[3]” (04 August 2021, Megabites), on that date virtually launching “Byaheng Digiskarte ni Ani at Kita” – loosely translated, “digital journeys for harvests and earnings” (above, text image superimposed):

Recognizing the value of innovation and technology to advance business and communities especially amid the pandemic, the Aboitiz Group in partnership with the Department of Agriculture (DA) launched “Byaheng Digiskarte ni Ani at Kita” or BiDA Kita. BiDA Kita is a mentoring program designed to help agri-enterprises become digital and it is aligned with the key strategy of One DA Reform Agenda, which is Technology, Innovation and Digital Agriculture.

“Designed to help agri-enterprises become digital” – why not “Designed to help Juan De La Cruz, the farmer, become Smart Juan who is adept at using the cellphone anywhere as his partner in his farming?!”

But there is a problem: How can the cellphone help a non-high school farmer google for aggie information? And there is an even bigger and prior problem: There is no Knowledge Bank easy for farmers to use and turn them all into Smart Juans.

Precisely! That’s why I am proposing the digital construct I call SMART JUAN, which is acronym for: Stored Matter Adapted To Rural Terrain Translated For Johns Utilizing  Agricultural Notes, Notions, Novelties In Science.

As a Knowledge Bank, Smart Juan will comprise the latest science, thinking and experiences in crops & livestock, including harvesting, processing and marketing in the Philippines and in other Southeast Asian countries.

(Some mentoring required. If the farmer does not understand, there’s the Municipal Agriculturist.)

How do you make Smart Juan, a Knowledge Bank, a source of wisdom? Put in Options.

How does it work? Take rice. There are selections for varieties: heirloom, hybrid, inbred.  

Farmer types into his cellphone (or personal computer): “rice Asingan” then presses/clicks Go/Enter. (With “rice Asingan,” the farmer is restricting his search to “rice good for the town of Asingan in Pangasinan.”) Smart Juan asks him to click any of the entries:

Heirloom Rice – (varieties listed)
Hybrid Rice – (varieties listed)
Inbred Rice. – (varieties listed)

Farmer clicks the mouse or presses the screen on the item s/he is interested in or wants to know more about. The beginning of A Journey Of Wisdom In Agriculture!@517

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[1]https://pixabay.com/photos/wisdom-books-education-knowledge-3071110/

[2]https://jackmathew.medium.com/how-mobile-technology-is-energizing-farming-operations-e97e75da0b7

[3]https://www.megabites.com.ph/aboitiz-group-da-partner-to-digitalize-ph-agriculture/

TIT for TAT: Follow Teaching Inspired Thinking, Forget Teaching Analytic Thinking!

TIT for TAT: Teaching Inspired Thinking, forgetting Teaching Analytic Thinking. I mean, it’s time to start teaching people how to think for themselves and stop teaching them what is critical thinking at the beginning of each lesson.

TIT for TAT. That is the title of this new blog of mine. By “Follow Teaching Inspired Thinking, Forget Teaching Analytic Thinking!” I mean in all schools always teach creative thinking and ignore critical thinking. Students already are critical thinkers. It is not that the science taught is wrong but that if you want to teach thinking, it must be TIT for TAT!

Actually, at all levels of Education since time immemorial, even without us teachers realizing it, the approved approach has always been teaching critical thinking, notteaching creative thinking. That explains why we have millions of critics on thousands of subject matters, but hardly any creatives in thought and philosophy, political or non-political.

What credentials do I have to teach inspired thinking? I passed the very first Civil Service Teacher’s Exam, given in 1964, 80.5%. In Pangasinan, in the Entrance Exam for Teachers, I was #2 with 90.5% – #1 with 90.6%. I was a college instructor at the UP College of Agriculture (now UP Los Baños) and Xavier University College of Agriculture in Cagayan De Oro City. I am a self-taught writer and editor, print and digital; I have blogged thousands of well-organized essays since 2005.

Talk about control. Talk about creativity. Now I will tell you why I chose the multi-image image above: in one word, perspective. Creativity is the ability to take different perspectives at once, at will.

With my Lumix FZ100 digital camera, I took the above image of my PC setup on my external ViewSonic20-inch monitor 21 April 2018, separate individual images in an inadvertent collage with date by my Windows 10 64-bit system.

For the last year or so, I have been meaning to write this, but it was only when I saw 08 August 2021 on Facebook the 1,660-word Sponsorship Speech dated 17 May 2021 of Senator Win Gatchalian of his proposed “Teacher Education Excellence Act” that I decided to act. The trigger was that I disagreed!

Mr Gatchalian begins with these words:

Mr President, distinguished colleagues, the most important factor in education is the teacher. Schools are only as good or as bad as their teachers.

”The most important factor in education is the teacher.” No, Mr Gatchalian. The most important factor is The Philosophy Behind Education. And I say the philosophy must be: Teaching Inspired Thinking, forgetting Teaching Analytic Thinking! From Grade School to University.

Whatever curriculum, the method must be the same: TIT for TAT. And with that, any subject becomes interesting, nay intriguing, at any level. The learner is now knocking at the door of creativity!

Even in teaching farmers, do not instruct; instead, teach inspired thinking.

You see? Teaching inspired thinking makes education more interesting – and more educational!

The Head of the Teacher is The Teacher – The Best Teacher Teaches Inspired Thinking! Think about that.@517

Inspired Thinking By An Indigenous Electronics Tweenager In Mountain Province

“Necessity is the Mother of Invention[1]” – it’s a proverb that can be traced back to Plato’s Republik (Wikipedia). I say, to be able to invent, you have to know something, to care, to observe – and you have to be inspired.

Jessa Mae Gabonsays, “SAAD Youth Beneficiary Invents Improvised Incubator For Brown Egg Production,” 06 August 2021 (SAAD.gov.ph). He is Jomarie Pacpacong, 24 years old, a native of Leseb, Bauko in Mountain Province, and an electronics graduate of the Baguio College of Technology (BCT). Out of available materials Jomarie had improvised an incubator for the “Brown Egg Production Project” of Leseb Community Farmers Association (LCFA). On August 2019, the hens came from the Special Area for Agricultural Development (SAAD) Program under the Department of Agriculture (DA). (Congrats Jomarie and BCT; and thank you, SAAD!)
(image[2] from SAAD but which I chopped and made shorter)

Joemarie says:

Lockdown ket napansin ko nga ginmaget dagiti pakpakanen nga inted iti program nga ag-itlog, sunga napanunot ko kasla mayat padasen iti agpa-adu met iti manok ken tapnu adda kuma maisukat nu kas-kas-anu. Diyayen nga na-antig ti curiousitik nu kas-anu nga usaren agpa-pissa iti incubator ta imbag la nga adda ar-aramiden ken pang-i-apply-an iti kaamuwan iti electronics ken advance nga technology sunga in-youtube ko.

(My free translation: “During the lockdown last year, I noticed that the hens we were feeding given by the Program were “industriously” laying more eggs than usual, so I thought why don’t we try to multiply the flock to be able to replace the old stock when the time comes. My curiosity was aroused and to spend my time and apply what I knew of electronics, I thought of an incubator for hatching eggs, and did research on YouTube.)

He built it in about 1 week.

They have had a problem with the incubator – no other electrical power source during brownouts. With 4 batches of incubation so far, a total of 102 eggs, LCFA had only 19 eggs hatching from 2 batches.

Nonetheless, LCFA made money from the hatchlings. Priced at P200/head, the LCFA earned P2,400 from selling 12-week old birds. The rest supplemented the shortage of ready-to-lay-stocks in the locality.

I note that the invented incubator is for an association of farmers – I favor that the DA work enthusiastically with associations and cooperatives for 2 reasons: (1) people enjoy more economies of scale, and (2) the DA helps more people.

Jomarie is the son of Nelia Pacpacong, grandson of Helen Coniyat, who are among the 125 members of the LCFA, which is dominantly composed of Kankanaey indigenous people. (I know Baguio City is mostly Kankanaey, the ones we simply call “Igorot.”)

Ms Jessa says, “The association is grateful for how a son of theirs was able to come up with (an improvised) technology that could inspire the association to push with their future dream of breeding their own stock.” From the brown eggs, LCFA has earned an additional income of P29,322.

“Invention is the talent of youth, as judgment is of age” – Jonathan Swift.@517

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[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_is_the_mother_of_invention

[2]http://saad.da.gov.ph/2021/08/saad-youth-beneficiary-invents-improvised-incubator-for-brown-egg-production/?fbclid=IwAR1tyQPAKQMVHmkk6QL_zLw4imFLH6bWmkd-pGMwCRIK6LKobpGbMm0X56s

Photography & Journalism – To Trail Your Story, To Thrill Your Audience

My very first essay on “Find-That-Moment Photography” – a term I invented just now. At almost 81, I have found that journalists in print media do not trouble themselves going after “memorable shots” – if they have a camera at all. To thrill or not to thrill, that is the question!

In the upper image, Paul M Gutierrezshares Joe Galvez’ 07-July-2021 Facebook post describing “the best training ground for photojournalists” thus:

In the rites of passage, (people) usually need to undergo only one gauntlet to become what they are. But in photojournalism, it takes more than one baptism of fire to be a full-fledged photojournalist.
(upper images from Facebook)

No problem. I’m thinking of journalists, not Mr Galvez’ photojournalists, taking photographs while taking notes for their stories. Why not? With sophisticated cellphones taking images of excellent quality, journalists should be able to “illustrate” their stories with their own charming photographs of the scene or interview.

The lower image was taken by me 24 June 2018 with my Lumix FZ100, looking “through” the milking carabao shed early morning across the Amancio Farm Hotel in Cordon, Isabela (visit courtesy of Noime Liangco). From color to B&W, still there is drama.

I took many shots of a scene and the whole farm. Behind 50 years of off-and-on taking photographs at that time, having read technical instructions for photography – and having studied the masters of painting at the excellent library of Xavier University in Cagayan De Oro City in 1968 – I look at a scene differently from the “ordinary eye.”

A “smart” photograph like that attracts the eyes of readers, doesn’t it? Even if the story is dull or uninteresting.

To be clear, I’m a journalist – if self-taught and self-styled – but I have always taken any number of photographs to share any number of them since 1980 when I founded and became Editor In Chief of Habitat, quarterly color magazine of the Los Baños-based Forest Research Institute(now Ecosystems Research & Development Bureau), a publication I patterned after the American National Geographic(editorially admitted).

Mr Galvez says:

Photojournalism is not about photography, per se, but a practice that entails risks and even death. Photojournalism is not for the faint-hearted. To become one, he or she needs to undergo a series of trainings and exposures to any given circumstances in order to be competitive with other counterparts. And of course, to come home alive and (unscathed).

I disagree with all of the above!

Right now I have my Lumix FZ100 digital camera with Intelligent Auto (iA) that takes care of my settings: focus, lighting, opening, speed.

With iA and advanced cellphones, quality photography is now point-and-shoot. Yes.

After many observations on how photojournalists work, I have come to the conclusion that the Philippines is so far the best training ground for photojournalists, and the best setting to practice photojournalism in the world.

I leave Mr Galvez to his dangerous photography while I’m cheerful taking countless photographs to trail my story and sometimes to thrill my readers. Even in Agriculture? Yes!@517

“School-On-Lap” Is Best Programming & CREDIT GRAB Is Best For Farm Loans!

Monday, 02 August 2021, Facebook: Secretary of Agriculture William Dar is saying, ”Digital technology with all its novel approaches will accelerate transformation of Philippine agriculture. In fact, digital technology is a game changer in agriculture!”

This time, we have 5 lessons in Extension (Ex): (1) grammar, (2) media, (3) digital technology, (4) credit, and (5) options.

Wikipedia says “School Of The Air[1]” I checked with my favorite dictionary, and yes, the grammatically correct phrase is “of the air[2]” (TheFreeDictionary.com).

Radio & Internet As Media For Extension
I have been reading Carlson B Alelis’ feature, “Unified School-On-Air, A ‘Beginning Of Empowering Rice Farmers’[3]” (17 March 2021, PIA), an initiative of the Department of Agriculture (DA) Region 6 launched in Iloilo City 16 March.

With my background as a BS Agriculture graduate major in Agricultural Education, UP '65, and with my own 40-year old “Theory of Communication for Development,” I can hardly imagine how any PH School Of The Air can educate farmers on the “right smart technologies (that) will surely empower them and make them competitive with (farmers in) other countries.” Radio is limited, all sound and fury – try dramatizing “System of Rice Intensification” via audio!

Internet. Yes, “School-On-Lap” is best programming for aggie extension! Why do you have to think of the farmer as old and/or uneducable?
(Upper image of “Cyber Extension[4]” from Tunza Eco Generation)

CREDIT GRAB
So now I am thinking of the Agricultural Credit Policy Council (ACPC) coming up with a budget of, say, P15 million, for the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) of the DA to create a digital Knowledge Bank for training. I call it “CREDIT GRAB” – for “Community-Related Ecological Development via Information Technology with Government Resources Aimed at Agri-Business.” A farmer applying for any interest-free loan with ACPC must pass CREDIT GRAB field training, or assessment, before s/he can be granted that loan. This is to make sure that the loan applicant’s farming is more or less guaranteed to be successful as it considers most if not all the technical & resource knowledge options in farming, from seed to spoon. CREDIT GRAB will also package a farmer’s course on credit using quite a few of the credit success stories on record.

Farming Options
What about “PalayCheck?” Options is the digital key. How will the training on farming options via CREDIT GRAB impact, say, irrigated rice?

Fundamentally, the already-existing website Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank says PalayCheck “presents the best key technology and management practices as Key Checks[5]” (Pinoyrice.com). So, PalayCheck is thinking for the farmer, not the farmer thinking for himself after studying his options in technologies and practices as may be applied in his location!

Game: On his laptop, the farmer has the right to press the Enter key where he thinks best!

Changer: Farming is not all rice; so, the CREDIT GRAB Knowledge Bank must contain rice-basedfarming systems (plural). Today, PalayCheck continues to imprison the farmer with a single outmoded rice technical framework and teach him not tothink more!@517

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[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_the_Air

[2]https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/school+of+the+air

[3]https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1069802

[4]https://tunza.eco-generation.org/ambassadorReportView.jsp?viewID=11558

[5]https://www.pinoyrice.com/palaycheck/